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kasey literally nerdsniped me
i was chill!!! i was watching films!! and now i'm downloading isaak illich rubin and dunayevskaya
like bro i'm cumming all over my keyboard rn
Isaak Illich Rubin, Essays on Marx's Theory of Value, page 68
In a primitive communistic community, or in a feudal village, the product of labor has "value" (tsennost) in the sense of utility, use value, but it does not have "value" (stoimost). The product acquires value (stoimostj only in conditions where it is produced specifically for sale and acquires, on the market, an objective and exact evaluation which equalizes it (through m o n e y ) with all other commodities and gives it the property of being exchangeable for any other commodity. In other words, a determined form of economy (commodity economy), a determined form of organization of labor through separate, privately-owned enterprises, are assumed. Labor does n o t , in itself, give value to the product, b u t only that labor which is organized in a determined social form (in the form of a commodity economy). If producers are related to each other as formally independent organizers of economic activity and as autonomous commodity producers, then the values of their labor confront each other on the market as "values." The equality of commodity producers as organizers of individual economic units and as contractors of production relations of exchange, is expressed in equality among the products of labor as values. The value of tilings expresses a determined type of production relations among people. If the product of labor acquires value only in a determined social f o r m of organization of labor, then value does not represent a " property " of the product of labor, but a determined "social form" or "social function" which the product of labor fulfills as a connecting link between dissociated commodity producers, as

i am literally having a manic episode over abstract labor rn